If you are learning French, understanding the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) can help you see where you are now, set goals, and get an idea of how long it might take to reach them.
This article will help you learn more about the different French proficiency levels and why the CEFR is important for language learners.
What is the CEFR and who created it?
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is a popular system for measuring language skills in many European languages, such as French, English, Spanish, and Italian.
The Council of Europe created it to make language learning, teaching, and assessment more consistent across Europe. Work on the framework began in the early 1990s, and it was officially published in 2001 to guide curriculum design, exams, and learning materials.
How does the CEFR work?
Language schools and universities in France and many other countries use the CEFR to measure your language skills.
The CEFR has 6 levels, starting at beginner (A1) and going up to proficient (C2). Each level marks progress in learning a language. For example, after reaching A2, your next step is B1, where you can start using the language with more confidence.
What language skills does the CEFR define?
Each level describes the four main language skills (listening, reading, speaking, and writing) that a learner should master.
These are explained with “can-do” statements that show what you can do in real-life situations.
| Levels | Language Skills |
| A1 (Beginner) | ・You can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases. ・You can introduce yourself and others and can ask and answer questions about your personal details (where you live, people you know and things you own). ・You can communicate simply when the other person speaks slowly and clearly. |
| A2 (Elementary) | ・You can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to everyday topics such as personal information, shopping, local geography, or work. ・You can communicate simply on familiar and routine matters. ・Yan describe in simple terms your background and immediate environment. |
| B1 (Intermediate) | ・You can understand the main points of situations regularly encountered at work, school, etc. ・You can deal with most situations likely to arise while traveling in a French-speaking country. ・You can write simple texts on topics you are familiar with or of personal interest. ・You can describe your dreams, hopes and ambitions and briefly give explanations for your opinions and plans. |
| B2 (Upper Intermediate) | ・You can understand the main ideas of complex texts on both concrete and abstract topics. ・You can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers smooth. ・You can write clear and detailed texts on a wide range of subjects and express your viewpoint giving the advantages and disadvantages on a given issue. |
| C1 (Advanced) | ・You can understand long and demanding texts and grasp implicit meanings. ・You can express yourself spontaneously and fluently in social, professional, or academic settings. ・You can speak clearly and in a well-structured way on complex topics. |
| C2 (Proficiency) | ・You can understand everything you hear or read with ease. ・You can summarize all types of facts and arguments and present them coherently. ・You can express yourself spontaneously and very fluently, conveying subtle nuances even on complex subjects. |
Why does the CEFR matter for language students?
The CEFR gives language learners a clear path. When you know your current level and your goal, you can set targets and see your progress. This structured approach helps you stay motivated and focused while learning.
The CEFR is also widely used by universities, employers, and organizations around the world to assess language proficiency. For example, if you want to study at a university in France, you will need to show proof of your French level. Usually, B2 is the minimum level required to enroll in a program taught in French.
How long does it take to learn French?
With 20 hours of study per week, reaching a good level in French (B2 level) typically takes 18 months.
Here’s about how many hours you’ll need for each level:
- A1: 60–100 hours
- A2: 150–200 hours
- B1: 350–400 hours
- B2: 550–650 hours
- C1: 800–950 hours
- C2: 1,000+ hours
These hours are cumulative, meaning each level builds on the time spent learning previous levels. For example, reaching B2 requires not only 550–650 total hours, but also the foundational hours invested in A1, A2, and B1.
Read our full guide: How long does it take to learn French
Want to find out your current level?
Take our free online test to get a clear assessment in just 15 minutes. This test was designed to give you a quick and accurate way to assess your current French level. We have created tests for all proficiency levels, from beginner to advanced.
Visit https://gogofrance.com/en/french-level-test/ and simply select the level that best matches your current skills.
Once you’ve completed the test, you can review your results, retake it if needed, or move on to the next level.
